В

Vacuum Blowing Process (Suck-and-blow process)

The method in which the molten glass is sucked into the draft form, and then blown to the final form in the finishing mold

Vacuum process

Any process in which glass melt forms in a vacuum

Bathroom stove

A furnace in which glass is boiled in a pool constructed of refractory bars

Continuous Bathroom Oven

Glass melting furnace, from one end of which a charge is continuously supplied, and glass is produced from the other end. Usually has more than one compartment

Periodic bathtub

Usually a single-chamber glassmaking furnace of periodic action, where glass is brewed and produced manually. As a rule, the first is carried out at night, and the second - during the day

Bath glass

Glass welded in a bathroom furnace, as opposed to a pot furnace

Cooking (Melting)

The thermal process during which the mixture is completely converted into molten glass

Cooking part

The part of the bathroom furnace in which glass is boiled and lightened

Depressed Shards

A defect in sheet glass caused by splinters of broken glass on its surface

Venetian glass (Murano glass)

Artistic, mainly blown vessels, often with stucco details, as well as beads, mirrors and other products, the production of which began from the end of the 13th century. in Venice (mainly on the island of Murano), which has mastered the experience of glass art in Syria and Byzantium

Upper annealing temperature

the temperature at which the viscosity of the glass is 1013 Pz. At this temperature, up to 95% of the stresses are removed within 3 minutes.

Westlake (Westlake process)

Automatic process using a vacuum kit for the manufacture of products in molds with constant lubrication

Stained glass

in fact, the stained glass window itself is a composition of glasses separated by a metal stretch

Inclusion in glass

Foreign body (substance) or gas bubble that has got inside the glass mass during the cooking process or other heat treatment

Flight

The structure forming an opening in the furnace wall for introducing fuel and combustion air or for removing combustion products from the furnace

Dent from clips

A slight deviation of the edges of the tempered glass product from the normal line near the tracks from the clamps

Water box

A water-cooled metal box, either next to the refractory side bar, or mounted in the side wall structure of the glass furnace bathtub at the level of the glass mirror

Air bubble

An irregularly shaped bubble, usually formed during pressing or casting operations in the manufacture of optical glass

Wave

1. Uneven glass distribution when pulling flat sheet glass.

2. Optical effect caused by uneven distribution or stakes.

Waviness (glass container)

defect in glass containers in the form of surface irregularities, causing optical distortion.

Hairline

Thin swill on glass surface

Rotating pot

Rotating hollow refractory pot from which glass is sucked

Rotating sleeve

Concentric rotating refractory pipe with feeder plunger

Secondary Bubble (Reboil)

The reappearance of gas bubbles in the glass mass after it seemed to be freed from undissolved gases

Veil of bubbles

The accumulation of small midges caused by the ingress of foreign material into the glass during casting or molding

Feeder input

A hole in the furnace wall through which glass enters the feeder

Sting-out

Combustion products or flames coming out of openings in oven walls

Mold Blowing

Blown glass into a glass mold to give a final shape

Glass blowing

Hot glass forming by applying internal pressure to air

Blow tube

A metal tube that is used by a glassblower to collect glass and blow the product with his mouth

Blow-and-blow process

A method for forming hollow articles, in which both the initial bullet and the final article are molded by compressed air

Pouring glass from the pot (Teem)

Pouring glass from the pot with the roll method

Lost wax method

The method of glass casting, which involves the creation of a wax model, the manufacture of glass molds and the subsequent melting of wax from it to form a cavity in which the glass copy will be cast

Convex

Insufficient flatness of drawn or rolled glass

Production part

The compartment of the bathroom furnace from which glass is collected or fed to the molding

The working temperature range of the molding (TIF) (Working Range Index - WRI)

technological characteristic of glass. The difference between the Littleton point and the upper annealing temperature.

Percussion

Glass engraving method in which the image consists of point surface damage created with a high-strength tool

Leaching

1. a method for modifying glass in which the maximum amount of alkali and oxides of certain metals is chemically removed from the surface layer; one of the methods of glass enlightenment

2. frosted coating or rainbow coloring on the glass surface in the form of spots of various sizes and shapes formed as a result of the alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides leaving the glass structure into a solution with the formation of a protective silica film on the glass surface that impedes the continuation of the process, which occurs when glass interacts with water

Viscosity

one of the most important technological properties of glass, determining the mode of melting (cooking) of glass, molding and annealing of glass products. Glass viscosity is the force of interaction between adjacent layers of a substance moving relative to each other, that is, it is the friction force between two layers that are in contact over an area of 1 cm 2, provided that the change in sliding speed for 1 s is 1 cm. Glass viscosity Depends on temperature and chemical composition.